Which health condition has been linked to cognitive declines in adults?

Hypertension has been linked to cognitive declines in adults due to its impact on blood flow and overall vascular health. Elevated blood pressure can lead to damage in the blood vessels, which may impair the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the brain. Over time, this can contribute to cognitive issues, including problems with memory, attention, and overall cognitive function. Research shows that individuals with long-standing hypertension are at an increased risk for developing vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease, as the chronic strain on the cardiovascular system can result in changes in brain structure and function.

In contrast, while diabetes, osteoporosis, and arthritis can also have significant health implications and may indirectly affect cognitive abilities through various mechanisms (like depression or reduced physical activity), the direct and robust association between hypertension and cognitive decline is more clearly established within current research.