What is the ability to solve problems and adapt based on experience known as?

The ability to solve problems and adapt based on experience is known as intelligence. This concept refers to a broad range of cognitive skills that involve reasoning, problem-solving, understanding complex ideas, learning quickly, and adapting to new situations. Intelligence encompasses both the ability to apply knowledge to manipulate one's environment and the capacity to learn from experiences, which is central to the definition in the question.

Wisdom is often associated with experience and the application of knowledge in a judicious manner, but it implies a deeper understanding and insight into life situations, rather than just the ability to solve problems. Knowledge refers to the information and skills acquired through experience or education, but it does not inherently include the problem-solving and adaptive aspects that intelligence does. Insight can involve the ability to gain an accurate and deep intuitive understanding of a situation, but it is not as broad as the definition of intelligence. Therefore, the most suitable term that encapsulates problem-solving and adaptability within the context of experiences is intelligence.